VATcodexEU VAT case law · Court of Justice and General Court

Article 15 Sixth Directive 77/388/EEC

Exemptions

Title X · Exemptions

Open in the compendium41 cases ↓

Repealed. The Sixth Directive 77/388/EEC was repealed with effect from 1 January 2007 and replaced by Directive 2006/112/EC. Most case law before that date cites it.

Text of Article 15

Without prejudice to other Community provisions Member States shall exempt the following under conditions which they shall lay down for the purpose of ensuring the correct and straightforward application of such exemptions and of preventing any evasion, avoidance or abuse:

1.the supply of goods dispatched or transported to a destination outside the Community by or on behalf of the vendor;

2.the supply of goods dispatched or transported to a destination outside the Community by or on behalf of a purchaser not established within the territory of the country, with the exception of goods transported by the purchaser himself for the equipping, fuelling and provisioning of pleasure boats and private aircraft or any other means of transport for private use;

In the case of the supply of goods to be carried in the personal luggage of travellers, this exemption shall apply on condition that:

—the traveller is not established within the Community,

—the goods are transported to a destination outside the Community before the end of the third month following that in which the supply is effected,

—the total value of the supply, including value added tax, is more than the equivalent in national currency of ECU 175, fixed in accordance with Article 7 (2) of Directive 69/169/EEC 5; however, Member States may exempt a supply with a total value of less than that amount.

For the purposes of applying the second subparagraph:

—a traveller not established within the Community shall be taken to mean a traveller whose domicile or habitual residence is not situated within the Community. For the purposes of this provision, ‘domicile or habitual residence’ shall mean the place entered as such in a passport, identity card or other identity documents which the Member State within whose territory the supply takes place recognizes as valid,

—proof of exportation shall be furnished by means of the invoice or other document in lieu thereof, endorsed by the customs office where the goods left the Community.

Each Member State shall transmit to the Commission specimens of the stamps it uses for the endorsement referred to in the second indent of the third subparagraph. The Commission shall transmit this information to the tax authorities in the other Member States.

3.The supply of services consisting of work on movable property acquired or imported for the purpose of undergoing such work within the territory of the Community, and dispatched or transported out of the Community by the person providing the services or by the customer if not established within the territory of the country or on behalf of either of them;

4.the supply of goods for the fuelling and provisioning of vessels:

(a)used for navigation on the high seas and carrying passengers for reward or used for the purpose of commercial, industrial or fishing activities;

(b)used for rescue or assistance at sea, or for inshore fishing, with the exception, for the latter, of ships' provisions;

(c)of war, as defined in subheading 89.01 A of the Common Customs Tariff, leaving the country and bound for foreign ports or anchorages.

The Commission shall submit to the Council as soon as possible proposals to establish Community fiscal rules specifying the scope of and practical arrangements for implementing this exemption and the exemptions provided for in (5) to (9). Until these rules come into force, Member States may limit the extent of the exemption provided for in this paragraph.

5.the supply, modification, repair, maintenance, chartering and hiring of the sea-going vessels referred to in paragraph 4 (a) and (b) and the supply, hiring, repair and maintenance of equipment — including fishing equipment — incorporated or used therein;

6.the supply, modification, repair, maintenance, chartering and hiring of aircraft used by airlines operating for reward chiefly on international routes, and the supply, hiring, repair and maintenance of equipment incorporated or used therein;

7.the supply of goods for the fuelling and provisioning of aircraft referred to in paragraph 6;

8.the supply of services other than those referred to in paragraph 5, to meet the direct needs of the sea-going vessels referred to in that paragraph or of their cargoes;

9.the supply of services other than those referred to in paragraph 6, to meet the direct needs of aircraft referred to in that paragraph or of their cargoes;

10.supplies of goods and services:

—under diplomatic and consular arrangements,

—to international organizations recognized as such by the public authorities of the host country, and to members of such organizations, within the limits and under the conditions laid down by the international conventions establishing the organizations or by headquarters agreements,

—effected within a Member State which is a party to the North Atlantic Treaty and intended either for the use of the forces of other States which are parties to that Treaty or of the civilian staff accompanying them, or for supplying their messes or canteens when such forces take part in the common defence effort,

—to another Member State and intended for the forces of any Member State which is a party to the North Atlantic Treaty, other than the Member State of destination itself, for the use of those forces or of the civilian staff accompanying them, or for supplying their messes or canteens when such forces take part in the common defense effort.

This exemption shall be subject to limitations laid down by the host Member State until Community tax rules are adopted.

In cases where the goods are not dispatched or transported out of the country, and in the case of services, the benefit of the exemption may be given by means of a refund of the tax.

11.supplies of gold to Central Banks;

12.goods supplied to approved bodies which export them from the Community as part of their humanitarian, charitable or teaching activities outside the Community . This exemption may be implemented by means of a refund of the tax;

13.The supply of services, including transport and ancillary operations, but excluding the supply of services exempted in accordance with Article 13, where these are directly connected with the export of goods or imports of goods covered by the provisions of Article 7 (3) or Article 16 (1), Title A;

14.services supplied by brokers and other intermediaries, acting in the name and for account of another person, where they form part of transactions specified in this Article, or of transactions carried out outside the Community .

This exemption does not apply to travel agents who supply in the name and for account of the traveller services which are supplied in other Member States.

15.The Portuguese Republic may treat sea and air transport between the islands making up the autonomous regions of the Azores and Madeira and between those regions and the mainland in the same way as international transport.

Consolidated version on EUR-Lex (CELEX 01977L0388-20060101). © European Union. Only the Official Journal is authentic.

Case law on Article 15: 41 cases

Judgments, orders and Advocate General opinions of the Court of Justice and the General Court that cite Article 15 of Sixth Directive 77/388/EEC, most recent first.

  1. T-221/25 TUI Belgium Judgment · 25 March 2026 · Belgium · cites Article 15(14)
  2. C-249/22 GIS Opinion · 25 May 2023 · Austria
  3. C-656/19 BAKATI PLUS Opinion · 16 July 2020 · Hungary · cites Article 15(2)
  4. C-235/19 United Biscuits (Pensions Trustees) and United Biscuits Pension Investments Opinion · 14 May 2020 · United Kingdom
  5. C-291/18 Grup Servicii Petroliere Judgment · 20 June 2019 · Romania · cites Article 15(4), (4)(a)
  6. C-288/16 L.Č. Judgment · 29 June 2017 · Latvia
  7. C-33/16 A Judgment · 4 May 2017 · Finland · cites Article 15(1), (4), (4)(a), (4)(b), (5), (8)
  8. C-526/13 Fast Bunkering Klaipėda Judgment · 3 September 2015 · Lithuania · cites Article 15(4), (6), (8)
  9. C-131/13 Schoenimport Italmoda Mariano Previti and Others Judgment · 18 December 2014 · Netherlands
  10. C-144/13 VDP Dental Laboratory and Others Opinion · 4 September 2014 · Netherlands · cites Article 15(1)
  11. C-599/12 Jetair and BTWE Travel4you Judgment · 13 March 2014 · cites Article 15(14)
  12. C-563/12 BDV Hungary Trading Judgment · 19 December 2013 · Hungary · cites Article 15(1), (2)
  13. C-197/12 Commission v France Judgment · 21 March 2013 · France
  14. C-33/11 A Oy Judgment · 19 July 2012 · Finland · cites Article 15(4), (5), (6), (8)
  15. C-225/11 Able UK Judgment · 26 April 2012 · United Kingdom
  16. C-421/10 Stoppelkamp Judgment · 6 October 2011 · Germany
  17. C-427/10 Banca Antoniana Popolare Veneta Opinion · 15 September 2011 · Italy
  18. C-116/10 Feltgen and Bacino Charter Company Judgment · 22 December 2010 · Luxembourg · cites Article 15(4)(a), (4)(b), (5)
  19. C-582/08 Commission v United Kingdom Judgment · 15 July 2010 · United Kingdom
  20. C-95/07 Ecotrade Opinion · 13 March 2008 · Italy · cites Article 15(4)(a), (5)
  21. C-271/06 Netto Supermarkt Judgment · 21 February 2008 · Germany · cites Article 15(2)
  22. C-97/06 Navicon Judgment · 18 October 2007 · Spain · cites Article 15(1), (4), (5)
  23. C-73/06 Planzer Luxembourg Opinion · 19 April 2007 · Germany
  24. C-409/04 Teleos and Others Opinion · 11 January 2007 · United Kingdom · cites Article 15(1)
  25. C-240/05 Eurodental Judgment · 7 December 2006 · Luxembourg · cites Article 15(1), (2)
  26. C-181/04 Elmeka Judgment · 14 September 2006 · Greece · cites Article 15(1), (4), (4)(a), (4)(b), (5), (8)
  27. C-475/03 Banca popolare di Cremona Opinion · 14 March 2006 · Italy
  28. C-200/04 iSt Judgment · 13 October 2005 · Germany · cites Article 15(14)
  29. C-376/02 'Goed Wonen' Judgment · 26 April 2005 · Netherlands
  30. C-428/02 Fonden Marselisborg Lystbådehavn Judgment · 3 March 2005 · Denmark · cites Article 15(2)
  31. C-382/02 Cimber Air Judgment · 16 September 2004 · Denmark · cites Article 15(6)
  32. C-90/02 Bockemühl Opinion · 23 October 2003 · Germany
  33. C-427/98 Commission v Germany Opinion · 20 September 2001 · Germany
  34. C-36/99 Idéal Tourisme Judgment · 13 July 2000 · Belgium
  35. C-136/99 Monte Dei Paschi Di Siena Judgment · 13 July 2000 · France
  36. C-283/95 Fischer Opinion · 20 March 1997 · Germany
  37. C-111/92 Lange Judgment · 2 August 1993 · Germany · cites Article 15(1), (2)
  38. C-185/89 Velker International Oil Company Judgment · 26 June 1990 · Netherlands · cites Article 15(1), (4), (4)(a)
  39. C-30/89 Commission v France Judgment · 13 March 1990 · France
  40. C-51/88 Hamann v Finanzamt Hamburg-Eimsbüttel Judgment · 15 March 1989 · Germany · cites Article 15(2)
  41. C-168/84 Berkholz v Finanzamt Hamburg-Mitte-Altstadt Judgment · 4 July 1985 · Germany · cites Article 15(8)