VATcodexEU VAT case law · Court of Justice and General Court

Article 151 Directive 2006/112/EC

Exemptions relating to certain Transactions treated as exports

Title IX · Exemptions › Chapter 8 · Exemptions relating to certain Transactions treated as exports

Open in the compendium6 cases ↓

Text of Article 151

1.Member States shall exempt the following transactions:

(a)the supply of goods or services under diplomatic and consular arrangements;

(aa)the supply of goods or services to the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, the European Central Bank or the European Investment Bank, or to the bodies set up by the Communities to which the Protocol of 8 April 1965 on the privileges and immunities of the European Communities applies, within the limits and under the conditions of that Protocol and the agreements for its implementation or the headquarters agreements, in so far as it does not lead to distortion of competition;

(ab)the supply of goods or services to the Commission or to an agency or a body established under Union law where the Commission or such an agency or body purchases those goods or services in the execution of the tasks conferred on it by Union law in order to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, except where the goods and services purchased are used, either immediately or at a later date, for the purposes of onward supplies for consideration by the Commission or such an agency or body;

(b)the supply of goods or services to international bodies, other than those referred to in point (aa), recognised as such by the public authorities of the host Member States, and to members of such bodies, within the limits and under the conditions laid down by the international conventions establishing the bodies or by headquarters agreements;

(ba)the supply of goods or services within a Member State, intended either for the armed forces of other Member States for the use of those forces, or of the civilian staff accompanying them, or for supplying their messes or canteens when such forces take part in a defence effort carried out for the implementation of a Union activity under the common security and defence policy;

(bb)the supply of goods or services to another Member State, intended for the armed forces of any Member State other than the Member State of destination itself, for the use of those forces, or of the civilian staff accompanying them, or for supplying their messes or canteens when such forces take part in a defence effort carried out for the implementation of a Union activity under the common security and defence policy;

(c)the supply of goods or services within a Member State which is a party to the North Atlantic Treaty, intended either for the armed forces of other States party to that Treaty for the use of those forces, or of the civilian staff accompanying them, or for supplying their messes or canteens when such forces take part in the common defence effort;

(d)the supply of goods or services to another Member State, intended for the armed forces of any State which is a party to the North Atlantic Treaty, other than the Member State of destination itself, for the use of those forces, or of the civilian staff accompanying them, or for supplying their messes or canteens when such forces take part in the common defence effort;

(e)the supply of goods or services to the armed forces of the United Kingdom stationed in the island of Cyprus pursuant to the Treaty of Establishment concerning the Republic of Cyprus, dated 16 August 1960, which are for the use of those forces, or of the civilian staff accompanying them, or for supplying their messes or canteens.

Pending the adoption of common tax rules, the exemptions provided for in the first subparagraph, other than that referred to in point (ab), shall be subject to the limitations laid down by the host Member State.

2.In cases where the goods are not dispatched or transported out of the Member State in which the supply takes place, and in the case of services, the exemption may be granted by means of a refund of the VAT.

3.When the conditions for the exemption laid down in paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point (ab), cease to apply, the Commission or the agency or body concerned which received the exempt supply shall inform the Member State in which the exemption was applied and the supply of those goods or services shall be subject to VAT under the conditions applicable at that time.

Consolidated version on EUR-Lex (CELEX 02006L0112-20250414). © European Union. Only the Official Journal is authentic.

Case law on Article 151: 6 cases

Judgments, orders and Advocate General opinions of the Court of Justice and the General Court that cite Article 151 of Directive 2006/112/EC, most recent first.

  1. C-527/24 Harry et Associés Judgment · 12 March 2026 · Italy
  2. C-249/22 GIS Judgment · 26 October 2023 · Austria · cites Article 151(1)
  3. C-242/19 CHEP Equipment Pooling Judgment · 11 June 2020 · Romania
  4. C-224/11 BGŻ Leasing Judgment · 17 January 2013 · Poland · cites Article 151(1)(c)
  5. C-225/11 Able UK Judgment · 26 April 2012 · United Kingdom · cites Article 151(1), (1)(c), (1)(d)
  6. C-97/09 Schmelz Opinion · 17 June 2010 · Austria

VAT Committee guidelines on Article 151: 9

Not binding. Positions agreed in the VAT Committee set up under Article 398 of Directive 2006/112/EC and published by the Commission.

Commission explanatory notes on Article 151

Not binding. Guidance published by the Commission (DG TAXUD).

Explanatory Notes on the VAT e-commerce rules

Import One Stop Shop and deemed supplier rules, revised text applicable from 01-01-2027

Official PDF on europa.eu ↗