VATcodexEU VAT case law · Court of Justice and General Court

Article 15 Directive 2006/112/EC

Supply of goods

Title IV · Taxable transactions › Chapter 1 · Supply of goods

Open in the compendium41 cases ↓

Before 1 January 2007: Article 5 of Sixth Directive 77/388/EEC, according to the correlation table in Annex XII. The wording is not identical.

Text of Article 15

1.Electricity, gas, heat or cooling energy and the like shall be treated as tangible property.

2.Member States may regard the following as tangible property:

(a)certain interests in immovable property;

(b)rights in rem giving the holder thereof a right of use over immovable property;

(c)shares or interests equivalent to shares giving the holder thereof de jure or de facto rights of ownership or possession over immovable property or part thereof.

Consolidated version on EUR-Lex (CELEX 02006L0112-20250414). © European Union. Only the Official Journal is authentic.

Case law on Article 15: 41 cases

Judgments, orders and Advocate General opinions of the Court of Justice and the General Court that cite Article 15 of Directive 2006/112/EC, most recent first.

  1. T-221/25 TUI Belgium Judgment · 25 March 2026 · Belgium
  2. C-527/24 Harry et Associés Judgment · 12 March 2026 · Italy · cites Article 15(1)
  3. C-60/23 Digital Charging Solutions Judgment · 17 October 2024 · Sweden · cites Article 15(1)
  4. C-207/23 Finanzamt X (Application and disposal of goods free of charge) Judgment · 25 April 2024 · Germany · cites Article 15(1)
  5. C-677/21 Fluvius Antwerpen Judgment · 27 April 2023 · Belgium · cites Article 15(1)
  6. C-282/22 Dyrektor Krajowej Informacji Skarbowej Judgment · 20 April 2023 · Poland · cites Article 15(1)
  7. C-80/20 Wilo Salmson France Opinion · 22 April 2021 · Romania · cites Article 15(1)
  8. C-449/19 WEG Tevesstraße Judgment · 17 December 2020 · Germany · cites Article 15(1)
  9. C-656/19 BAKATI PLUS Opinion · 16 July 2020 · Hungary · cites Article 15(2)
  10. C-791/18 Stichting Schoonzicht Opinion · 3 March 2020 · Netherlands
  11. C-214/18 PSM K Judgment · 10 April 2019 · Poland
  12. C-201/18 Mydibel Judgment · 27 March 2019 · Belgium
  13. C-712/17 EN.SA. Opinion · 17 January 2019 · Italy · cites Article 15(1)
  14. C-665/16 Gmina Wrocław Opinion · 22 February 2018 · Poland
  15. C-615/16 Kerr Order · 21 November 2017 · Portugal
  16. C-128/14 Het Oudeland Beheer Judgment · 28 April 2016 · Netherlands · cites Article 5(3)(a), 5(3)(b) of the Sixth Directive
  17. C-229/15 Mateusiak Opinion · 3 March 2016 · Poland · cites Article 5(3) of the Sixth Directive
  18. C-42/14 Wojskowa Agencja Mieszkaniowa w Warszawie Judgment · 16 April 2015 · Poland · cites Article 15(1)
  19. C-144/13 VDP Dental Laboratory and Others Judgment · 26 February 2015 · Netherlands · cites Article 15(2)
  20. C-461/12 Granton Advertising Judgment · 12 June 2014 · Netherlands · cites Article 5(3), 5(3)(c) of the Sixth Directive
  21. C-139/12 Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona Judgment · 20 March 2014 · Spain · cites Article 5(3) of the Sixth Directive
  22. C-323/12 E.ON Global Commodities Judgment · 6 February 2014 · Romania · cites Article 15(1)
  23. C-651/11 X Judgment · 30 May 2013 · Netherlands · cites Article 5(3)(c) of the Sixth Directive
  24. C-219/12 Finanzamt Freistadt Rohrbach Urfahr Opinion · 7 March 2013 · Austria · cites Article 5(2) of the Sixth Directive
  25. C-395/11 BLV Wohn- und Gewerbebau Opinion · 12 September 2012 · Germany · cites Article 5(2)(e) of the Sixth Directive
  26. C-259/11 DTZ Zadelhoff Judgment · 5 July 2012 · Netherlands · cites Article 5(3), 5(3)(c) of the Sixth Directive
  27. C-44/11 Deutsche Bank Opinion · 8 May 2012 · Germany · cites Article 15(2)
  28. C-451/06 Walderdorff Opinion · 18 July 2007 · Austria · cites Article 15(2)
  29. C-111/05 Aktiebolaget NN Opinion · 14 September 2006 · Sweden · cites Article 5(2)(e) of the Sixth Directive
  30. C-166/05 Heger Judgment · 7 September 2006 · Austria · cites Article 5(3), 5(3)(a), 5(3)(b) of the Sixth Directive
  31. C-376/02 'Goed Wonen' Judgment · 26 April 2005 · Netherlands · cites Article 5(3)(b) of the Sixth Directive
  32. C-8/03 BBL Opinion · 18 May 2004 · Belgium · cites Article 5(3) of the Sixth Directive
  33. C-137/02 Faxworld Judgment · 29 April 2004 · Germany · cites Article 5(3) of the Sixth Directive
  34. C-497/01 Zita Modes Judgment · 27 November 2003 · Luxembourg
  35. C-384/01 Commission v France Opinion · 10 October 2002 · France · cites Article 5(2) of the Sixth Directive
  36. C-326/99 Goed Wonen Judgment · 4 October 2001 · Netherlands · cites Article 5(3), 5(3)(b) of the Sixth Directive
  37. C-408/98 Abbey National Opinion · 13 April 2000 · United Kingdom · cites Article 5(3) of the Sixth Directive
  38. C-48/97 Kuwait Petroleum Judgment · 27 April 1999 · United Kingdom · cites Article 5(3)(a) of the Sixth Directive
  39. C-2/95 SDC Judgment · 5 June 1997 · Denmark · cites Article 5(3) of the Sixth Directive
  40. C-97/90 Lennartz Opinion · 30 April 1991 · Germany · cites Article 5(3)(a) of the Sixth Directive
  41. C-186/89 Van Tiem Judgment · 4 December 1990 · Netherlands · cites Article 5(3), 5(3)(b) of the Sixth Directive

VAT Committee guidelines on Article 15: 2

Not binding. Positions agreed in the VAT Committee set up under Article 398 of Directive 2006/112/EC and published by the Commission.

Commission explanatory notes on Article 15

Not binding. Guidance published by the Commission (DG TAXUD).

Explanatory Notes on services connected with immovable property

Place of supply rules in force since 2017 (Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1042/2013)

Official PDF on europa.eu ↗